Globalization case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization - Case Study Example However, this assumption is not true as the social dynamics witnessed in Tunisia has revolutionized this conservative thought and new behaviors have been adopted. As at 2013, 32% of the whole population of Tunisia had taken alcohol by 40 years and this implies that the few existing factories cannot sufficiently meet the existing demand (Angel-Urdinola, 2015, p.112). The company seeks to use this entry market strategy so as to sell its wine and spirits products owing to the cultural and political environment in Tunisia may not be that favorable to set a manufacturing company at the moment. The country is, in most cases, marred with constant violence and interreligious wars animosity (Angel-Urdinola et al., 2015, p.67). The deep-rooted Arabic culture and language may not also favor foreigners who have little or no mastery of this environment. It is, therefore, advantageous if the manufacturing industry is set in a different country and goods supplied to consumers through intermediaries based in Tunisia who understand the diversities of the local market. This strategy will largely help to solve the global local dilemmas that the country is likely to face such as cultural issues, language barriers, lack of raw materials and political interferences among others as the intermediaries are able to come in between the producer and the consumer and facilitate free flow of the products. The agents are able to effectively inform both the buyer and the exporter about issues concerning the products based on first-hand research (Hisrich, 2010, p.98). Tunisia’s policies on trade instruments such as tariffs, quotas and taxes among others simplify the business process. There are limited stringent rules that block foreign investors as the government encourages international investment to promote the economy. There are no meaningful barriers to market

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay Example for Free

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay William Faulkner wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† at a time when society was undergoing change. The South had lost the Civil War and the southern people were finding it hard to let go of the past. Emily is the symbolic representation of this resistance to change. She becomes numb emotionally simply carrying out the routine of life without any characteristic resistance while the people around her become onlookers. Similarly, Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Old Ladies Home† relates the dehumanization of the inhabitants. The people in the Home have ceased to exist for the outside world. The women in the Home are existing like insects quiet and without character as the people around them move about, detached and cold. Analysis of the Theme and Symbolism In Faulkner’s short story, Emily, after her father’s death she became a recluse and stopped living. Her life became a part in history and it seemed she and the people around him simply waited for her death. She was described as, †¦a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eye-sockets as imagine a lighthouse-keepers face ought to look (Kirszner, 58). Faulkner shows the concept of death and how death can become a release when life becomes status quo. The reader is told in great detail about the position of Emily and her father in the town and the manner in which their life has changed. In Plath’s poem we read about the ladies wearing black and being ‘sharded’ in it. The words used to describe these women are, â€Å"Sharded in black, like beetles, Frail as antique earthenwear One breath might shiver to bits†¦ Age wears the best black fabric Rust-red or green as lichens. † The decay of the fabric represents the decay of their life. The nurses call them ‘ghosts’ and the beds are said to resemble ‘coffins’. The nature of the Home and the change in their life from youthful to aged shows the contrast of life to death. The concept of death and decay is prevalent in the story by Faulkner as well for he describes the decaying house as an eyesore among eyesores (Kirszner, 55). The decay represents the decay of Emily’s family’s position in society. The decaying body of Homer found after Emily Greison’s death also represents how things can get corrupted when change is not accepted. Emily was so steeped in her life in the past that she could not function in the present. Her father’s death and the death of her fiance caused her to give up on life and start a slow wait for her own death. The words Faulkner used to describe Emily and her situation included the smell and people going to her slunk around while the actual reality of Emily’s life became a tableau for the people of the town shown through the words, â€Å"We had long thought of them as tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door (Kirszner, 57). † Both Plath and Faulkner used the symbols and imagery of decay to show the progress of death. As the story and poem progress, death becomes the ultimate goal. The words and imagery in both the texts shows the frailness of the women. Through a description of the house Faulkner showed the change in Emily’s life. Her house decayed from a mansion to one that became a representation of failure and death. The crumbling walls became a source of fascination for the people and Emily ceased to exist as a person to them, rather she became a representation of the past [Allen, 1984]. The townspeople did not try to reach out or help her, they just focused on her life in fascination. Plath too, created a picture of the old women as decaying objects rather than human beings. They are described as insects and their progression towards death becomes inevitable. The words, ‘The old women creep out here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are used to describe them and the word ‘creep’ is similar to Faulkner’s use of ‘slink’ to show the dehumanization of Emily and the others view of her as a symbol rather than a human. We see Plath go on to write, ‘Needles knit in a bird-beaked Counterpoint to their voices: Sons, daughters, daughters and sons, Distant and cold as photos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The relationship between the women and their relatives is similar to the one Emily had with the townspeople. There was no warmth or love between them and the only connection was one of the past. The women’s relatives came out of a sense of obligation and duty and the visits were like looking at old photographs with no feelings. Like Faulkner writes, â€Å"Thus she passed from generation to generation dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse (Faulkner, 5), Emily’s life stood still. Her relationship with the world at large became stagnant and there was nothing to associate her life with being alive. Similarly, Plath [2009] uses the words, Age wears the best black fabric, to show how the women have stopped living and are in a constant state of mourning. They cling to every morsel of life and their very fragility shows the fragile threads of life and death. Conclusion: As we have seen Plath and Faulkner both wrote about the decay of life and the approach of death. They focused on the slow decomposition of human life physically and emotionally and how people become a ghost of their old selves as death approaches. However, while conceptually the similarities in the two texts may seem extraordinary there is a basic difference between these two narrations. Faulkner, wrote more of the decay and destruction of life figuratively, and how through the resistance to change humans become corrupted in their life. He wrote more of the death of a way of life, creating Emily and her life as a symbol of societal change. Plath, on the other hand discussed death in the physical concept. She presented the decomposition of human life and the loss of individuality as the progress of old age becomes eminent. The ladies in the poem were waiting for their death and had become mere shells of their former body. This stark contrast between the two texts creates a broader theme which suggests that without change human life ceases to exist and with the decay of the human body, life is but a wait for death. References: Allen, Dennis W. Horror and Perverse Delight: Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 1984, pp. 685-96. Plath, Sylvia Old Ladies Home accessed April 20, 2009 http://www. angelfire. com/tn/plath/home. html Kirszner, Laurie G. , and Stephen R. Mandell. A Rose for Emily. Fort Worth. Harcourt, 1997.

The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeares MacBeth Essay

The Role of the Witches in the Downfall of Shakespeare's MacBeth MacBeth by William Shakespeare is a play which shows the uprise of MacBeth, the treachery and his eventual downfall. Witchcraft plays a major part in MacBeth's actions and his weak character is easily manipulated. Although being an honest and brave man earlier, his ambition clouds his judgement. His life is tragic and through some terrible deeds ends in catastrophe. MacBeth is Thane of Glamis and a highly honorable and respected man. He Is valiant and brave and was very successful fighting for his country. His honesty is unquestioned and he is looked upon favorably by the King. King Duncan awards MacBeth the title of Thane of Cawdor for his courageousness in battle. MacBeth doesn't seem to be one overwhelmed by his ambition but when met by the witches takes their ramblings to heart. 'Hail Thane of Glamis and of Cawdor and shalt be King hereafter'. These prophecies from three strangers are taken without question and probably without good judgement. Just the thought that he may be King clouds his thoughts and ambition take over. It is Lady MacBeth though who first schemes the treachery of murdering the King. But before the murder he is still a good man and his conscience is creating serious doubts. When contemplating the terrible deed he seems to be changing his mind. 'Prithee, peace: I'll dare do all that may become a man, who dares more is none' . But encouragement from his wife and an apparition probabl...

Firework Problems for Math

Fireworks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Problems July 7, 2008 On the 4th of July, Vanessa watched the local fireworks with her family from their front lawn. Once the fireworks began, Vanessa’s mom said, â€Å"Wow we are really lucky that our view isn’t blocked – the bottoms of MOST of the fireworks appear right at the top of that 50 foot oak tree. † If Vanessa was 100 feet from the oak tree and 1500 feet away from the fireworks launch site, how many feet off the ground were the bottoms of MOST of the fireworks? Disregard Vanessa’s height. [pic] James’ family always puts on a big fireworks display every 4th of July. This year James got to pick out a few that were used. He decided on two 6-packs of Roman Candles, one Morton’s Mortar Kit and one Emerald City. If sales tax was 5%, based on the prices below how much change did James get back when he gave the cashier $45. 00? Express your answer in dollars and cents to the nearest cent. Roman Candles – $6. 99/ 6-pack Bottle Rockets – $7. 99/ pack Sparklers – $9. 99/ box Ground Flowers – $9. 99 Morton’s Mortar Kit – $9. 99/ kit EmeraldCity – $14. 99/ each Rain of Fire – $29. 99/ each New Yorker Salute Finale – $79. 99/ each [pic] Magda had a 4th of July party at her house. Her favorite lemonade recipe calls for 1 cup of lemon juice for every 4. 5 cups of water. If Magda followed the recipe and made 33 cups of lemonade, how many cups of lemon juice did she use?

1920’s Automobiles Essay

Automobiles are one of the most prominent inventions ever created. The automobile industry rapidly grew through the 1920’s. Henry Ford’s invention of the Model-T in 1903 skyrocketed the popularity of the automobile. Ford’s invention of the assembly line allowed the production of automobiles to increase rapidly. The assembly line allowed the automobile to be affordable for every American. Automobiles changed the way people traveled and lived. Without cars we would not have drive-ins, drive-thru, or fast food restaurants. People have come to depend on their cars for earning a living, or traveling to their dream vacation spot. Cars became inexpensive, and very easy to make. In the 1920’s, the automobile industry started a revolution that we continue to see today. In 1913 Henry Ford invented and installed the first conveyor –belt assembly line in his car plant in Michigan. The assembly line reduced the cost of production for cars by decreasing the assembly time. Henry Ford’s goal was a low priced car that many people in all walks of life could afford. The assembly line could produce a car in an hour and half . The cost of a car decreased to 400$ the lowest price of any care ever sold. He sold over 15 million cars and the race between Ford and GM began. General Motors Company was formed and founded by William C. Durant in 1908 . GM was the major competitor for Ford. The President of GM Alfred Sloan began realizing that they had and advantage over Ford Motor Company. Ford only had one body style car. GM had several different varieties of cars. GM began making four, six, and eight cylinder cars. GM started doing inventory control, and discontinued any line cars that were not popular with consumers. GM began making annual model changes and began advertising. GM was able to defeat Ford Motor company due to the changes that Sloan had made. In 1921 General Motors sold over 457,000 cars and profited over 61 million. A group of companies that merged into what is now known as Chrysler became the next competitor. Chrysler Corporation new that they did not have the manufacturing resources to build a low priced car, and did not have the financial resourses to build a new plant. The solution came when Dodge Brothers Manufacturing Company was put on the market. The Dodge Brothers had become victims of the Influenza epidemic. The heirs decided to sell the company. Chrysler purchased the company which had the resources they needed. The Dodge sales organization was considered to be one of the best in the country. With all the resources that Chrysler acquired they were able to develop the Plymouth in 1928. Chrysler then became the developing structure in America . GM and Ford began establishing manufacturing plants in Europe and throughout the world. Automobile manufacturing was the largest in the country. The employment in automobile factories was 250 million in 1922 and in excess of 400 million in 1929; the amount of paid wages doubled from 400 million to 800 million. Before automobiles we had horses. Horses travel on dirt and grass. Automobiles travel on highways. The automobile also led to highway construction, gas services, and repair. These industries employed about the 1,2 million people. In The motor vehicle also increased the sale of rubber, steel, glass, and petroleum products. The total effect of the invention of the Motor Vehicle on American life has yet to be measured. The invention of the automobile gave America superiority. Today 41 million vehicles are produced every year. Gasoline shortages, and car wrecks will always be a factor. The automobile industry improved social status, and increased your financial status. Americans were given the means to travel farther, faster, and more freely. Americans can travel to their favorite fast food restaurant, favorite park, favorite beach, and still have time to go to work. Works cited Gourley, Catherine. Wheels Of Time : A Biography Of Henry Ford. [N. p. ]: Millbrook Press, 1997. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 21 Apr. 2013. â€Å"American AutoIndustry in the 1920s. † Articlesbase. com. Articlesbase. com, 5 Oct. 2009. Web. 21 Apr. 2013.

From the Ostrich of the Mesozoic Era to Modern Birds

From the Ostrich of the Mesozoic Era to Modern Birds Youd think it would be an easy matter to tell the story of bird evolution- after all, it was the striking adaptations of finches on the Galapagos Islands that, in the 19th century, led Charles Darwin to formulate the theory of evolution. The fact is, though, that gaps in the geological record, differing interpretations of fossil remains, and the exact definition of the word bird have all prevented experts from coming to a consensus about the distant ancestry of our feathered friends. Still, most paleontologists agree on the broad outlines of the story, which goes as follows. The Birds of the Mesozoic Era Although its reputation as the first bird has been overblown, there are good reasons to consider Archaeopteryx the first animal to inhabit a place more on the bird than on the dinosaur end of the evolutionary spectrum. Dating from the late Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago, Archaeopteryx sported such avian features as feathers, wings, and a prominent beak, though it had some distinctly reptilian traits as well (including a long, bony tail, a flat breastbone, and three claws jutting out of each wing). Its not even certain that Archaeopteryx could fly for extended periods of time, though it would easily have fluttered from tree to tree. (Recently, researchers announced the discovery of another basal avilian, Aurornis, that predated Archaeopteryx by 10 million years; its unclear, though, if this was any more a true bird than Archaeopteryx was.) From whence did Archaeopteryx evolve? Heres where matters become a bit ambiguous. While its reasonable to assume that Archaeopteryx derived from small, bipedal dinosaurs (Compsognathus is often cited as a likely candidate, and then there are all those other basal avilians of the late Jurassic period), that doesnt necessarily mean that it lay at the root of the entire modern bird family. The fact is that evolution tends to repeat itself, and what we define as birds may have evolved multiple times during the Mesozoic Era- for example, its possible that two famous birds of the Cretaceous period, Ichthyornis and Confuciusornis, as well as the tiny, finch-like Iberomesornis, evolved independently from raptor or dino-bird forebears. But wait, things get even more confusing. Because of gaps in the fossil record, not only could birds have evolved multiple times during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but they could also have de-evolved- that is, become secondarily flightless like modern ostriches, which we know descended from flying ancestors. Some paleontologists believe certain birds of the late Cretaceous, like Hesperornis and Gargantuavis, may have been secondarily flightless. And heres an even more dizzying idea: what if the small, feathered raptors and dino-birds of the age of dinosaurs were descended from birds, and not the other way around? A lot can happen in the space of tens of millions of years! (For example, modern birds have warm-blooded metabolisms; its entirely likely that small, feathered dinosaurs were warm-blooded as well.) Thunder Birds, Terror Birds, and the Demon Duck of Doom A few million years before the dinosaurs went extinct, they had pretty much disappeared from South America (which is a bit ironic, considering thats where the very first dinosaurs probably evolved, back in the late Triassic period). The evolutionary niches that had once been occupied by raptors and tyrannosaurs were quickly filled by large, flightless, carnivorous birds that preyed on smaller mammals and reptiles (not to mention other birds). These terror birds, as theyre called, were typified by genera like Phorusrhacos and the big-headed Andalgalornis and Kelenken, and prospered until a few million years ago (when a land bridge opened between North and South America and mammalian predators decimated the giant bird population). One genus of the terror bird, Titanis, managed to prosper in the southernmost reaches of North America; if it sounds familiar, thats because its the star of the horror novel The Flock.) South America wasnt the only continent to spawn a race of giant, predatory birds. The same thing happened about 30 million years later in similarly isolated Australia, as evidenced by Dromornis (Greek for running bird, even though it doesnt seem to have been particularly fast), some individuals of which attained heights of 10 feet and weights of 600 or 700 pounds. You might assume that Dromornis was a distant but direct relative of the modern Australian ostrich, but it seems to have been more closely related to ducks and geese. Dromornis appears to have gone extinct millions of years ago, but other, smaller thunder birds like Genyornis lasted well into early historical times until they were hunted to death by aboriginal human settlers. The most notorious of these flightless birds may be Bullockornis, not because it was particularly bigger or deadlier than Dromornis but because it has been given a particularly apt nickname: the Demon Duck of Doom. Rounding out the roster of giant, predatory birds is Aepyornis, which (wouldnt you know it) dominated another isolated ecosystem, the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar. Also known as the Elephant Bird, Aepyornis may have been the biggest bird of all time, weighing close to half a ton. Despite the legend that a full-grown Aepyornis could drag off a baby elephant, the fact is that this imposing bird was probably a vegetarian. A relatively late newcomer on the giant bird scene, Aepyornis evolved during the Pleistocene epoch and lasted well into historical times, until human settlers figured out that a single dead Aepyornis could feed a family of 12 for weeks! Victims of Civilization Although giant birds like Genyornis and Aepyornis were done in by early humans, most of the attention in this regard centers on three famous birds: the moas of New Zealand, the Dodo Bird of Mauritius (a small, remote island in the Indian Ocean), and the North American Passenger Pigeon. New Zealands moas formed a rich ecological community all by themselves: among them were the Giant Moa (Dinornis), the tallest bird in history at a height of 12 feet, the smaller Eastern Moa (Emeus), and assorted other picturesquely named genera such as the Heavy-Footed Moa (Pachyornis) and the Stout-Legged Moa (Euryapteryx). Unlike other flightless birds, which at least retained rudimentary stumps, moas completely lacked wings, and they seem to have been devoted vegetarians. You can figure out the rest for yourself: these gentle birds were completely unprepared for human settlers and didnt know enough to run away when threatened- the result being that the last moas went extinct about 500 years ago. (A similar fate befell a similar, but smaller, flightless bird, New Zealands Great Auk.) The Dodo Bird (genus name Raphus) wasnt nearly as big as the typical moa, but it evolved similar adaptations to its isolated island habitat. This small, plump, flightless, plant-eating bird led a pretty much care-free existence for hundreds of thousands of years until Portuguese traders discovered Mauritius in the 15th century. The Dodos that werent easily picked off by blunderbuss-wielding hunters were torn apart by (or succumbed to diseases carried by) the traders dogs and pigs, making them the poster birds for extinction down to the present day. Reading the above, you might get the mistaken impression that only fat, flightless birds can be hunted to extinction by humans. Nothing could be further from the truth, a case in point being the Passenger Pigeon (genus name Ectopistes, for wanderer.) This flying bird used to traverse the North American continent in flocks of literally billions of individuals, until overhunting (for food, sport, and pest control) rendered it extinct. The last known passenger pigeon died in 1914 at the Cincinnati Zoo, despite belated attempts at preservation.

Modem installation essays

Modem installation essays The Internet has revolutionized our era and in order to hook up to the net, the primary device required is a modem. A modem is a phone line that connects to the computer and can serve as multiple purposes; however. The most well known purpose for a modem is for the Internet. Most people think that installing a modem is a complex feat. Though In reality, it is really not. Installing a modem consists of two major parts and if I can learn these easy steps than anyone can. The first major step to installing a modem is the collection of all the tools. To commence, you should go to an electronics store and purchase a modem. I personally recommend going to Best Buy or Comp USA. The technology so far has authorized the modem speed to go from 28.8k all the way to 56k and, of course, the higher the speed is the higher the price. Decent quality 56k modems usually range from somewhere between $110 to $130 dollars. I prefer getting a higher quality modem, for it will last longer. Anyway, at the store ask the employee to direct you to the aisle of the modems. After inquiring all the modems, pick the one you like best. You also can ask the employees for their opinion. After purchasing the modem, you will then need a Phillips screw driver. Go to any tool store to acquire this item. Most computers use Phillips screwdriver, but if you have one of those generic computer that sometimes use a flat head, then you should purchase one of those. You now have all the necessary materials needed to start the installation. The next major step to installing a modem is to secure it inside the computer and prepare it for use. Before actually starting, make sure the power of the computer is turned off and that it isnt plugged in. if the computer had been left on, turn it off, unplug it, and wait a few minutes. This will cause the circuits inside the computer to discharge their electricity. After this step is completed, the ne...

10 Great Study Tips for Students - EssaySupply.com

10 Great Study Tips for Students 10 Great Study Tips for Students Create a Comfortable Yet Business Like Space to Study If you grew up like many other students, you may have been taught that the ideal study spot is barren and isolated. Old logic said that the place that you studied must be quiet, well lit, away from distractions, and that any background noise was strictly forbidden. Hogwash! Blaring music and leaving your door open to visitors might not be a good idea, however there is nothing wrong or damaging with wanting to study with background music or with people nearby. Tackle the Hard Tasks First Before you begin studying, take a survey of the things you need to work on. Ask yourself which items stand out as being tedious, difficult, or time consuming. Then, focus on those tasks first. After that, you can work through all of the other items on your list with relative ease. After all, you have knocked out the ugliest task. Don't Forget SQ3R Do you remember learning this in elementary school. SQ3R stood for survey, question, read, recite, and review. In other words you survey the textbook to get a basic idea of what you should know, you develop a set of questions about what you will learn, you read the text thoroughly, and then you verbally answer those questions. Finally, you review your notes. Only Study Until You Know the Subject Matter Studying a concept that you already know doesn't make you understand things more, it just steals the chance for you to work on other subjects or just relax. Consider using a flashcard app that will determine facts you no longer need to know. Don't be Ashamed to Access Good Essays Online Sometimes, you simply need help. If you need writing help, don't feel ashamed to look into using a service like to help you with your writing assignments. You can take advantage of the extra help by focusing on other important assignments. Never Study on an Empty Stomach There are few things that are more distracting than hunger. If you keep some healthy snacks on hand while you study, you will be more alert, and you will retain more information. In addition to this, scheduling snack breaks is a perfect way to give yourself the opportunity to step away from your work for a brief period of time. Then, when your break is over you can start studying again with a refreshed state of mind. Recruit a Good Study Partner Studying in pairs can be a great idea. You can quiz each other, discuss concepts, and keep one another on task. You and your study partner can even provide one another with some needed distraction. Just make sure that you and your partner can stay on task. Organize Your Notes Using a Good App Not only can you use an app like Evernote to take notes, you can organize those notes into projects. Better yet, you can share those notes in order to collaborate with others. Consider Joining a Study Group Study groups create a sense of camaraderie and accountability. This is a great way to force yourself to keep up academically. Learn When Sleep Trumps Hitting the Books All nighters are rarely effective. Know when to shelve the books and simply get a good night of sleep.

Compare and Contrast Two Types of Business Ownership Term Paper

Compare and Contrast Two Types of Business Ownership - Term Paper Example The owner of a sole proprietorship type of business only needs to register his/her name and get a good location, and the business can begin after this process. He is fully liable for all the debts and profits incurred; if a sole proprietor gets into a financial crisis, the creditors can sue the owner of the business, and if this lawsuit is successful, the business owner will pay all the debts. Sole proprietorship has no entity separate from the owner; this means that if the business owner signs a contract, it will only be under his name. Advantages of a sole proprietorship business include the facts that formation of the business is quite inexpensive and easy, carrying very minor formalities since it involves only one person. Employment tax is not charged on sole proprietorship types of businesses and owners exercise a lot of freedom since they may â€Å"freely mix business and personal assets† (Spadaccini, 2007, p.5). However, despite being the easiest type of business to sta rt, sole proprietorship has a number of disadvantages. These include the facts that sole proprietors cannot raise capital by selling interests from the business, business liabilities and other personal liabilities for debts and losses are unlimited, and it is quite impossible for the business to continue, if the owner passes away. Sole proprietorship can either be terminated by contract or if the owner dies. In case the sole proprietor gives up the business, sells it, or passes away, the existence of the business ceases (â€Å"Types of Business Ownership,† n.d.). Spadaccini defines partnership as â€Å"a business organization formed when two or more persons or entities come together to operate a business for profit† (2007, p.5). Partnership can be formed through... This report stresses that the partnership type of business ownership has a number of advantages. This comes from the facts that, just like sole proprietorship, the kind of business is very inexpensive and easy for the partners to start, since they are able to consolidate their resources together. The business involves very minor formalities and does not hold any annual general meetings. Taxation is very fair on partnerships involving small businesses, and the business is free from charges such as minimum taxes that are usually charged on Limited Liability Companies and corporations. The author of the paper talks about partnerships which have a number of disadvantages. These include partner’s subjection to unlimited personal liability, which is very common, except in cases where the partnerships and liabilities are limited. Partnership types of businesses also experience disputes from time to time arising from differences among the different partners and finally â€Å"Individu al partners bear responsibility for the actions of other partners†. There are various similarities and differences between sole proprietorship and partnership types of business ownership. This essay makes a conclusion that sole proprietorship and partnership types of business ownership share a number of similarities. However, the ways in which both businesses are formed and the way they operate are different.

Resp. Aircraft Operator Security Threats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resp. Aircraft Operator Security Threats - Essay Example It is also the role of the airline baggage handler to scan all packages in a destination and allocate them to the suitable aircraft. Among these responsibilities, the airline baggage handlers are not expected to make any physical contact with the passengers, but in case they have anything to hand to them, they should first hand it to the staff in that aircraft, who are then allowed to hand it to the passengers. In this case, therefore, it was unethical for the airline baggage handler to give the phone directly to the passenger, and he should have handed it to the relevant authorities who include security officials, so that they would hand it to the passenger. This involves the transportation of prisoners by law enforcement officers in an aircraft. The law enforcement officer had not made prior knowledge of the transport to the authorities. This becomes an issue because prisoners and detainees are not treated the same in a flight. The difference requires some advance preparation by the authorities, so that the passengers do not feel threatened while in their flight. Normally, prisoners are the first to board the flight, and once they are settled, the other passengers can board the flight. In this case, the officers ought to have informed the authorities, and their credentials should not act as a way to allow the prisoners in the flight. For this reason, they are entitled to catch the next flight according to the clearly laid rules. The airline is privy to information regarding the prisoners, and the nature of the crimes that they have committed so that the airline decides on the treatment they will be accorded. This concerns the commotion caused by a drunken unruly passenger who is trying to open an emergency exit in flight. It is clear that such a passenger has a possibility of causing harm to himself and the airline will be responsible. The most ethical action to take in this

Aufderheide, Defining the documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aufderheide, Defining the documentary - Essay Example Documentaries take the form of an analytical argumentation combined with some educational animation and formal elements. The formal choices in documentaries make them more representative of the importance the content they show. Documentaries lack the natural representation as they are characterized by manipulation of content so as to shape the meaning around what the audience want to know. Documentaries share the narrative convention. They are based on stories with an introduction, body and end. They invest in taking their viewers into an emotional journey by sharing the perspectives of the documentary characters with that of the audience. They also share techniques employed in filmmaking such as editors, musicians, digital designers, cinematographers and sound technicians. Documentaries are governed by the economic context of business realities. Producers strive to make documentaries more appealing to the viewers in order to ensure that the documentary gains audience. This is because the appeal of the documentary is associated with the brand identity of the product in the documentary. Furthermore, sponsors such as the government affect the reality present in the documentaries by encouraging some aspects of the content while discouraging

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Culture - Essay Example Organisational culture is defined as those shared behaviour patterns that individuals demonstrate consistently within a firm as they undertake their respective roles (Mullins 2011: 88). For example, holding weekly staff meeting can be a culture that distinguishes organisation A from organisation B. Values, norms as well as traditions are also shared in companies that have identifiable cultures. It is worth noting that the strength or intensity of the culture may vary from one organisation to another. This paper will seek to address comprehensively the concept of organisational culture and determine some of the advantages strong organisational cultures bring to companies. The essay begins by tracing the development of organisational culture before embarking on evaluating the many benefits of strong cultures within the firm. A question that may perplex someone is how the culture is set and absorbed by members within the organisation. As a matter of fact, the deepest root off organisational culture is extended to the founders. It is the company’s vision and mission as well as the core values that they pioneer the organisation with that forms the foundation of the firm’s culture. Initially the founders identify some of the values that should be fundamental to the operations of the organisation they form. They then hire and recruit person (managers) who share the same values and perceptions with them. In cases where the founders do not find exactly people who do not have the same perception, they may convince and assimilate them into accepting their culture. Through their actions and the behaviour they exhibit, the pioneers indoctrinate the worker to accept their values and perceptions. For example, if the organisation is founded on strong Christian principles, the behaviours and expressions of the founders that portray Christian values will be transferred to and absorbed by the workers (Robbins & Judge

International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International law - Essay Example Despite existence of the political, global and territorial differences the whole world is considered as a global village and such concept mainly enhances the idea of universal brotherhood. At the same time in the context of trade, cultural intercourse, the idea of globalization plays a major part. In this context it needs mentioning that no matter how much the globalization aspect seems positive and flawless but at the same time it includes several lacunas. In this global society also the superior nations are finding an opportunity to show their aggression, to inflict oppressive approaches towards the other nations, their people and their economy. The rate of crime has also increased to a great extent and most of the criminal, after committing the criminal deeds flee to other nations to seek shelter. As administrative system of a particular nation does not have the power to exercise the hold over other jurisdictions, the fear of being caught is reduced to a great extent for those cri minals. At the same time economic aggression is also taking a brutal shape. According to modern international treaties in the post World War II situation it has not been possible for the nations to exaggerate the power of politics to express their imperialistic mentality. Thus, those nations have adopted the procedure of economic aggression through which a superior nation can enjoy economic hold over the other nation through trade relationship. Thus, the importance has also been realized by legal scholars that there must be some kind of restraints that prevent one nation to become havoc over the other. These are some of the typical situation; rather problems at the international level that generated the emergence of this new discipline of legal jurisdiction: International Law. Legal and scholars of jurisprudence have attempted to provide definition of the International Law in different

Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Culture - Essay Example Organisational culture is defined as those shared behaviour patterns that individuals demonstrate consistently within a firm as they undertake their respective roles (Mullins 2011: 88). For example, holding weekly staff meeting can be a culture that distinguishes organisation A from organisation B. Values, norms as well as traditions are also shared in companies that have identifiable cultures. It is worth noting that the strength or intensity of the culture may vary from one organisation to another. This paper will seek to address comprehensively the concept of organisational culture and determine some of the advantages strong organisational cultures bring to companies. The essay begins by tracing the development of organisational culture before embarking on evaluating the many benefits of strong cultures within the firm. A question that may perplex someone is how the culture is set and absorbed by members within the organisation. As a matter of fact, the deepest root off organisational culture is extended to the founders. It is the company’s vision and mission as well as the core values that they pioneer the organisation with that forms the foundation of the firm’s culture. Initially the founders identify some of the values that should be fundamental to the operations of the organisation they form. They then hire and recruit person (managers) who share the same values and perceptions with them. In cases where the founders do not find exactly people who do not have the same perception, they may convince and assimilate them into accepting their culture. Through their actions and the behaviour they exhibit, the pioneers indoctrinate the worker to accept their values and perceptions. For example, if the organisation is founded on strong Christian principles, the behaviours and expressions of the founders that portray Christian values will be transferred to and absorbed by the workers (Robbins & Judge

Texas Squatter's Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Texas Squatter's Rights - Essay Example result, each house was increasingly shifted to the east side of its lot, until the house on Lot 5 was built next to that lot’s eastern boundary with Lot 6. This case concerns a driveway built on a 20-foot strip of land just east of that boundary — a strip everyone assumed was on Lot 5, but was actually on Lot 6. When Lillian Haliburton bought Lot 5 in 1970, Lot 6 was owned by her brother’s family, the Buddes. For many years, both families used the driveway on the disputed strip. The driveway led to a garage built on both lots, which Haliburton used for parking and storage. Although Haliburton was no longer living at the time of trial, there was testimony that family members all presumed mistakenly that the driveway and garage belonged to her Lot 5. In 1995, the Buddes sold Lot 6 to the defendants, Minh Thu Tran and Norman L. Roser. In 2001, Haliburton sold Lot 5 to the plaintiffs, William and Nita Macha, who already owned Lot 4 to the west. During the latter transaction, a survey revealed that the driveway was not a part of Lot 5, so the Machas secured a quitclaim deed conveying any interest Haliburton might have acquired in the strip by adverse possession. When Tran and Roser learned of the survey, they obtained a permit and erected a fence around the strip. This suit ensued. A jury found the strip had passed by adverse possession to Haliburton, and thence to the Machas. The First Court of Appeals affirmed, holding in a divided opinion that Haliburton’s use of the strip and everyone’s mistaken belief that she owned it were legally sufficient evidence of adverse possession. See 176 S.W.3d 128 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2004). We disagree. Under Texas law, adverse possession requires â€Å"an actual and visible appropriation of real property, commenced and continued under a claim of right that is inconsistent with and is hostile to the claim of another person.† Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code  § 16.021(1). The statute requires visible appropriation;

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Essay Example for Free

Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Essay This research is a review of an article by Douglas C. Foyle’s Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: Elite Beliefs as a Mediating Variables. In addition, the latter part of this research evaluates the article and provides recommendations for further possible scholastic contributions. Foyle’s research is focused on the subject area of public opinion and its correlation and influence to foreign policy. The increasing interest of scholars about this subject matter has been immense and is widely acknowledged in recent scholarly contributions in recent times (Foyle 141). Thus, in this research, Foyle seeks to narrow down his focus on the correlation of the influence of public opinion to foreign policy and the elite beliefs of policy makers. This, in its context, establishes the beliefs of policy makers as the mediating variable that determines the possibilities of public opinion to influence foreign policies. Thesis Foyle argues that the beliefs of decision makers on the matter of the influence of public opinion on foreign policies have an actual effect to decision making (141, 144, 164). The research elaborates on this by citing findings which suggest that the influence of public opinion may vary on a number of factors. The factors according to Russet, includes both the decision time and the type of issue under consideration (144). In its argument, the research regards decision makers as the top level policy makers, frequently cited in the study as the leaders who are at the top of the hierarchy; are likely to participate, and has final authority for the decision (144). Public opinion, however, are determined through various representatives such as editorial opinion, polls, letters, etc (144). Foyle cited V. O Key’s definition of public opinion as â€Å"those opinions held by private persons which governments find it prudent to heed. †. Consistent with Key’s perspective, Philip Powlick, relying on interviews with State Department and National Security Council (NSC) officials, discovered policy makers did vary in how they operationalized public opinion. He reported officials relied more often on the news media and elected representatives as indicators of public opinion. They used mass opinion (such as polls and letters) to a lesser extent and other elites and interest group activity least of all. (144) On the other hand, Foyle refers to beliefs as the perceptions of the policy makers on the desirability and importance of public opinion in influencing decisions in foreign policies (145). Furthermore, Holsti defines a belief system as â€Å"the set of lenses through which information concerning the physical and social environment is received. † Also, Vertzberger believes it â€Å"usually include principles and general ideas on the nature of the social and physical environment that constitutes policymaker’s field of action† (144). Logic In this light, the belief system is analyzed with a theoretical framework containing two dimensions; normative beliefs and practical beliefs (141, 145). In this study, both concepts are utilized and measured as the logic which supports Foyle’s argument. Normative beliefs measure the desirability of the public opinion to influence policies in the perspective of the policy maker. According to Foyle, this belief is composed of the judgment of an individual on whether input from public opinion is desirable or not in affecting foreign policy choices (145). On the other hand, practical beliefs measure the level of necessity of public support for a foreign policy to be successful (141). It presents the point of view of policy makers towards the idea of support from the public as to whether it is necessary or not for the success of a foreign policy. This logic further observes the correlation of elite beliefs and the influence of public opinion to foreign policy by using both the normative and practical beliefs as defining dimensions in which forms four possible distinct belief systems; delegate; executor; pragmatist, and guardian. (Foyle 145). These four systems are ideologies that illustrates an individual’s take on both the desirability of public opinion in affecting foreign policies and the level of necessity of the public support. One of the these systems are the delegates who are defined as policy makers who believe public opinion is desirable in influencing foreign policies, and public support is necessary for the success of these policies (145). Executors, however, are defined as those who believe that public opinion is desirable, thus input from others is acceptable but support is not necessary for the success of a policy (146). On the other hand, pragmatists are the ones who do not credit public opinion entirely but they consider public support as a necessity for a chosen policy (146). Lastly, guardians are the ones who block the connections of both the importance of public opinion and the requirement of a public support (147). These four systems are used as a tool to measure the classification of a policy maker in how it views the relationship of the input of public opinion and choices on foreign policies. With all these components utilized as the logic of the study, Foyle believes that categorizing policy makers into these belief systems, and understanding their individual beliefs on the relationship of public input and foreign policies, would further prove his arguments in this study. Also, this logic examines the feasibility of using normative and practical beliefs as a predictor of decision maker’s behavior (147). Research Method The study uses qualitative content analysis to evaluate the interaction between the beliefs and behaviors of policy makers. (147) Foyle employs extensive archival materials available on the beliefs and behavior of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Foyle believes that a qualitative content analysis of Eisenhower’s and Dulles’s normative and practical public opinion beliefs establishes them as pragmatists. Based on these beliefs, I outline predictions of decision-making behavior for these two individuals and compare these predictions with decisions made during the Chinese offshore islands crisis in September 1954. (147) There were several steps taken to administer the collection of data and its evaluation. According to Foyle, beliefs can hardly be measured directly, thus it must be inferred from the data which, in this kind, should be retrieved from available statements by the policy makers being examined (148). In this light, the study examined public and private communications, public writings and speeches. These are found in several public sources and archives to come up with a clear characterization of the individual’s beliefs (148). In addition, three types of data were used to consider elite beliefs on public opinion; (1) private communication before and after taking office; (2) public statements before taking office; and (3) unprepared extemporaneous statements in office (149). Since there are reservations to the reliability of the qualitative content analysis, Foyle made use of two methods to deal with this issue (149). Foyle ensures that the beliefs analyses are completed initially before the detailed examination of behavior are reported. This succession, according to Foyle, makes sure that there are no influences by the examination of behavior on the beliefs analysis. In addition, Foyle employed an external party to measure the validity of the analysis and to ensure that there are no unintentional influence findings by that analyst (149). To determine the influence of beliefs to policy maker’s behavior, process training and congruency testing were utilized (Foyle 150). The procedure starts with the identification of the predicted theoretical relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Thereafter, the outcomes of the observations between the dependent and independent variables are determined and examined in relation to the theory’s predictions (150). Therefore, if the outcome is in accordance with the theory, there exists a relationship between the variables.

How Sustainable Is Industrial Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay

How Sustainable Is Industrial Agriculture Environmental Sciences Essay Agriculture may seem to be a pre-modern economic activity in which the method or the way it is carried out is old-fashioned. However, industrialization, scientific development and mechanization have affected agriculture like many aspect of life, which created a brand new term: Industrial Agriculture. Industrialized agriculture or industrial agriculture can be defined as the replacement of human labor with capital intensive tools and inputs heavily dependent on fossil fuels, the consolidation of farm land, and increasingly centralized control over the distribution of food resources.(Thu and Dunenberger 1998). The goal of industrial agriculture is to increase yield and decrease costs of production, which is why the farm is seen as a factory with inputs like pesticides or fertilizer and outputs like corn or chicken. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 1). Thanks to the industrial agriculture, the mass-production in agriculture came into existence. Compared to the old method, we can produce much more now. Agricultural food, including animals, can be supplied in a short time with more outcomes. Therefore, there is no doubt that in many ways industrial agriculture appears to be a beneficial development and a higher stage in agricultural method. However, it seems to be what it has brought is not as great as what it is taking away. The mechanization of agriculture and the use of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides have caused huge problems in environment, health and the economic condition of farmers. That is why, in this paper, I will argue that industrial agriculture is unsustainable because it leads to unhealthy conditions for both workers and consumers, has negative effects on environment and causes poverty. The first aspect that makes industrial agriculture unsustainable is the health problems due to the conditions in work place, the use of pesticides, anti-biotic and fertilizers and the equipment used in the industrial agriculture. Workers are the first group of people who are exposed to the unhealthy conditions caused by the industrial agriculture. First of all, because of the equipment like farm machinery, tractors, hoes and etc., the accidents are frequent events for workers. The consequence of these kinds of accidents may be losing a hand, foot, small injuries or death. In 1946, data from all industrial groups show that the largest number of occupational deaths, 4,500, occurred in agriculture ( Axelrod 2). This data only belongs to USA so the number that includes more countries will increase the number of death also. Thus, accidents are a serious problem in industrial agriculture. Moreover, because of the high noise exposure from sources like tractors, harvesters and grain dryers, causes hearing loss among workers. According to Marvel farmers experience higher than expected rates of hearing loss starting in their teen years (Kendall 2) In addition to the accidents and noise exposure, the use of chemicals and pesticides in agriculture also creates unhealthy conditions for workers. Poisoning caused by chemical fertilizers seems to be faced by workers frequently. Pesticides used as plant sprays create a hazard to the farm worker either in the process spraying or of harvesting ( Axelrod 2). Thus, the chemicals and pesticides are serious treat to the health of farm workers and the most common illnesses because of these is poisoning. Furthermore, as Kendall points out, the dermatoses, especially skin cancer, and respiratory diseases are among the most pervasive health problems in industrial agriculture (1). Toxic exposure is the main reason for dermatoses. More specifically, exposure to pesticides, chemical solvents, engine exhaust, animal virsues and other substances commonly found in an industrialized farm operation are the reasons for dermatoses and especially skin cancer (Kendall 1). Other common health problem among farm workers is respiratory diseases. The condition in the work place and the material used for the works are again the reason for these kinds of problems. Exposure to irritant, toxic gases and dusts on the farm causes respiratory diseases. The kind of illnesses as a result from this includes chronic bronchitis, occupational asthma, organic dust toxic syndrome, farmers lung and silo filler (Kendall 2). Thus, respiratory diseases can seriously damage farm workers. In short, because of the condition of the work place, the equipment used in the work and the use of pesticides and chemicals, industrial agriculture creates an unhealthy condition that causes serious health problems for workers. In addition to the farm workers, consumers also suffer from unhealthy production and condition created by industrial agriculture. The use of chemicals and pesticides are causing some health problems for consumers as it is for workers. Statistical data provides us with information that makes it rather clear that the use of pesticides leads to serious health problems including fatal diseases. One of this data demonstrates that about 67,000 pesticide poisonings resulting in an estimated twenty-seven accidental fatalities are reported each year in the US in developing countries situation is worse (Pimental, Culliney, Bashore 2). Thus, again, the poisonings are frequent diseases resulted from the use of pesticides. More serious health problems like cancer can also occur because of pesticides. The International Agency for Research on Cancer found sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in eighteen pesticides and limited evidence in additional sixteen pesticides (Pimental, Culliney, Bashore 2). In other words, there are eighteen pesticides which we are sure that can make people cancer. Since in industrial agriculture pesticides are being used excessively, the food that is produced by industrial agriculture is a serious treat for consumers. Other than the use of pesticides, so called factory style animal agriculture also creates health problems for consumers. The term factory style animal production implies the animal production in which unnatural method like using chemicals is being held. Pathogens like salmonella, laisteria and toxoplasma cause foodborn illnesses. These kinds of bacteria occur in chickens but they transmit to humans through meat. They can cause severe diarrhea and nausea and occasionally produce fatal diseases.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 5). One may ask that if these bacteria transmit trough meat, why is the industrial agriculture guilty for these health problems? Horrigan, Lawrence and Walker give the answer: The crowded condition of factory farming increase the level of contamination and the high-speed, automated methods of slaughtering and processing the animals make it difficult to detect that contamination.(6) Furthermore, the other common characteristic of factory style animal agriculture that c auses health problems for consumers is the se of antibiotics. Unnatural or produced antibiotics are fed to animals. The goal is to promote growth in production. However, excessive use of such drugs in animals can enhance the development of drug resistant strain of disease, which can be transmitted to humans trough the food supply.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 8). In other words, the excessive use of these antibiotics may make people less resistant to disease and make them ill more easily. The last aspect that industrial agriculture causes health problems is genetically engineered food. It is easy to guess this kind food creates heath problems because they are not natural. This kind of food à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦includes organisms not previously eaten by humans.(Horrrigan, Lawrence, Walker 8), which may cause new allergens. Therefore, as there are organisms that we have not eaten before in genetically engineered food, it is likely that new allergens can emerge. The second reason why industrial agriculture is unsustainable is its negative effects on environment. Concerning environmental problems caused by industrial agriculture, the use of fertilizers and pesticides again seems to be the most important problem like it is about heath problems. It is a fair question to ask: why the use of fertilizers and pesticides is so intense, if it causes so many problems? It seems to be the answer is hidden in the definition of industrial agriculture given in the first paragraph. The industrial agriculture is a farm like a factory and it is goal is to produce more to profit more. The negative effects are not as important as the profit. Therefore, as the main goal is to earn money, health or environment are second or even third concerns. We can now continue to examine the negative effects on environment after this brief explanation. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is serious problem for the environment and their rate of use is continuing to increase. The main problem about fertilizers arises from the fact that crops absorb one-third to one-half of the nitrogen.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). Excess nitrogen creates dead zone because it diminishes the oxygen in the water. This drives off the mobile sea life and kills immobile bottom dwellers. One great example of this is Gulfs dead zone in New Jersey ( Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). This nitrogen runoff also affects the ecosystem balance in a negative way, which is direct danger for environment. The use of pesticides is another problem because it causes decline in bird and beneficial insect populations which disrupt the balance between predator and prey.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). As a result of this the pests are recovering faster, which can damage the agriculture directly. The reduction of biodiversity is another outcome. Syntheric chemicals reduce biodiversity in the insect world. This may not sound as a harmful result. However, the real problem is the death of the wild bees and other beneficial species by pesticides (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 3). The creation of imbalance in nature harms the biodiversity and kills the species that are beneficial to human kind. The effects of the industrial agriculture on soil demonstrate how harmful it can be on environment. Land degradation seems to be the first negative result of industrial agriculture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦since World War II, poor farming practices had damaged about 550 million hectares-an area equivalent to 38% of all farmland in use today.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Because of industrial agriculture, more that one-third of the farmland had damaged. Considering world hunger, industrial agriculture had damaged all people by damaging that much of the land because the land could have been used efficiently, which could have supplied people with food or even land. The reason for why that much of land had damaged is that industrial agriculture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦depends on heavy machinery that compacts the soil, destroying soil structure and killing beneficial organisms in the soil food web.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Therefore, regarding soil, industrial agriculture is not sustainable. In terms of land, industrial agriculture is not very beneficial either. Land degradation has been a serious problem for a long time. The worlds supply of arable land per person has been declining steadily. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Desertification is a rather effective kind of land degradation. It can be defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. and 15% of al land surface has been experiencing land desertification. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). This means that less land is available for agriculture. How can a type of agriculture be sustainable, if it reduces the land to use for agriculture? Less land means less family that are engaging in agriculture and less food to supply people with. The reasons for land degradation and desertification are over cultivation, overgrazing and over use of water.(Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Thus, the main reason is over using land and water but if the land degradation continues, in the end there will be no land to over use. The use of water is another aspect where the negative effects of industrial agriculture can be observed. The pollution of water seems to be the sources of problems that industrial agriculture causes because when farming practices pollute surface water and aquifers, they reduce the amount of water that is suitable for other uses.( Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Other users may be any plant, animals or person. The main point is that some practices of industrial agriculture pollute water and this waste water damages many other potential users. The pollution in most of the times stems from runoff of chemicals, silt and animal waste. (Horrigan, Lawrence, Walker 4). Again industrial agriculture seems to be for the benefit of only a few people, while it is harmful for many other people, animals or plants. Together with the problems concerning health and environment, the poverty caused by industrial agriculture is the last aspect that makes it unsustainable. One fact may be the starting point of poverty caused by industrial agriculture, which in seventy years, although the US population has doubled, the number of American farmers has declined from seven million to two million (Kimbrell 17). There may be two reasons for this. First one is land degradation, which is mentioned above, caused by industrial agriculture. Because of land degradation, the amount of arable land is diminishing, which leads to the loss of farm communities. As the farmers who were engaged in agriculture before finds no land, the poverty seems inevitable. The second reason may be higher costs of industrial agriculture. As industrial agriculture requires mechanization, the use of pesticides and chemicals, it is hard for farmers to continue in agriculture. Capital is needed for industrial agriculture, which many farme rs do not have. Therefore, the farms concentrate on very few people that have the capital to invest, which again causes the lass of farm communities and naturally poverty. The other reason for poverty caused by industrial agriculture is the increasing price of food. Although industrial agriculture made it possible to produce more, the price of food is increasing (Kimbrell 15). However, paradoxically farmers do not earn more than they did before. The profits gained from the increasing price of food go to the corporate middlemen, not to the farmers (Kimbrell 17). Other than farmers, society as a whole is becoming poor because of industrial agriculture as well. While food pricing is increasing, we spend money to the heath and environmental problems caused by industrial agriculture. Therefore, we pay more for the food and also we spend more money on health and environment because of industrial agriculture, which makes poverty a problem for the whole society. Poverty for farmers and for the whole society again demonstrates that industrial agriculture is not sustainable. In conclusion, even though industrial agriculture is a development in agriculture as it increases production, it takes more than it gives so it is unsustainable. Negative effects of it on heath, environment and economy are the reasons for why industrial agriculture is unsustainable. Creation of health problems both for workers and consumers because of the use of pesticides, chemical and the conditions of work place causing toxic exposure and accidents is thanks to industrial agriculture. The use of pesticides, chemicals, land degradation and water pollution are the environmental problems created by industrial agriculture. The loss of farm communities and expensive food price are the results of industrial agriculture, which causes poverty. All these reasons seem to demonstrate that industrial agriculture is unsustainable. The solution to these problems may not be going back to the old fashion way of agriculture in which there is no room for mechanization, pesticides or chemicals. All this chemicals or machines should be used for human good, not to gain more profit. Therefore, the problem is not the kind of things that is used in agriculture; the real problem is the relations of production or the social form in which these kinds of things are used. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, we should first abolish the possibility of making profit by industrial agriculture. Then, we should collectivize the means of production and just use them for the human good. WORK CITED Axelrod, S. J. Health Problems in Industrialized Agriculture School of Public Health. September 1949: 1172-1175. Print. Horrigan, Leo, Lawrence Robert S. ,Walker, Polly. How Sustainable Can Agriculture Address the Environmental and Human Health Harms of Industrial Agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective, Vol.110 No.5 May 2002. 445-456. Print Kendall, M. Thu. The Health Consequences of Industrial Agriculture for Farmers in the United States. Human Organization. Fall 1998. Print Kimbrell, Andrew. Fatal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002. Print Pimentel, D., T.W. Culliney, T. Bashore. http://ipmworld.umn.edu/chapters/pimentel.htm

Life After Football :: Personal Narrative Writing

Life After Football Experiences change our lives everyday. We learn from our mistakes or successes in order to define who we are. Everything we do, and all that happens to us, changes who we are. However, there are those experiences that stand out above all others, the ones that have a drastic impact on our life styles, the ones that change how we view the world, and how we view our own lives. Our day-to-day lifestyle changes and we are forced to find new ways to do things, forced to change our views on who we are. The one specific moment that I can pinpoint in my life that created a drastic change of who I am today occurred last year in late August. It was the first week of school and all I was really focused on was the football game coming up on Friday. I had spent most of my summer weight training and practicing for the upcoming season and I got drastically better than the year before, and was ready for anything. Little did I know what was waiting for me in the game to come. An experience that I never imagined would ever happen to me. An experience that never even crossed my mind†¦until Friday came. I managed to get through my first week of school without much trouble. I was ready for the game. I went through my normal pre-game after school. I decided to put on some new spikes on my cleats, since my other ones were pretty dull. This was an action that I will question for the rest of my life. The school we were playing was just down the canal bank that passed by our school, so we marched down in full force Now on the field we stretched out. Everything was the same as so many times before. We went into the locker room for the 15 minutes till the game started. I got into my crazy mindset, and started rocking back and forth, thinking of how much pain I would invoke on my opponents, and how I would go about doing that. I ran through all of the plays in my head at least once.

“Discourse on the Method” by Rene Descartes

â€Å"Discourse on the Method† by Rene Descartes is both a historical document and philosophical work. Scientists and historians agree that this book has contributed significantly the history of modern science and psychology. In his book Descartes describe the method which provides solid background for all modern natural sciences. Descartes pays thorough attention to the problem of scepticism in his work continuing the researches made by ancient philosopher Sextus Empiricus and the author Michael de Montaigne. The purpose of the book seems to prove people that truth should be regarded as incontrovertible.Therefore, the author chooses the approach of challenging and doubting everything when assessing the world. In such a way Descartes tend to look at ordinary things from the new perspective which is clear of biased nations. (Descartes 1960) In particular, Descartes discusses the following issues: how to think correctly, the method of science, morals maxims derived from method, proof of human soul and god, experiments, and, finally, connections between physics and heart. When arguing how to think correctly, Descartes offer ‘building metaphor’ meaning that human opinions and thoughts are the grounds which shape further perceptions.The ideas and opinions are claimed to be of sedentary nature and Descartes argues that he â€Å"firmly believed that in this way he should much better succeed in the conduct of his life, than he built only upon old foundations, and leaned upon principles which, in his youth, he had taken upon trust†. (Descartes 1960) Summing up, the core principle of thinking correctly is that humans shouldn’t tend to seek for old foundations; instead, they should seek for new fertile and to build new knowledge on it.In the method of science Descartes distinguishes four precepts which characterise the method. The first precept suggests that people shouldn’t percept anything for granted if they can’t be re-a ssured that it is true. Descartes says it is necessary to avoid prejudice and precipitancy and to believe things which exclude all grounds for any doubts and hesitations. The second precept is â€Å"to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution†.(Descartes 1960)The third principle is that it is necessary to conduct your thoughts and ideas in such a way that it would be possible to go from the simplest to the most complex: â€Å"I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence†. (Descartes 1960) Finally, the fourth precept is that we must be sure that nothing is omitted meaning reviews should general and enumerations should be complete.Further, Descartes analyzes three moral maxims deriv ed from the method. He says that he adopted those maxims to make them effectively function in ‘real world’. Method of radical doubts requires analyzing moral side of such experiments. Descartes’ three maxims is the basis of rudimentary belief system. Its principles are: †¢ To obey country’s religious customs and laws; †¢ To be confident in all actions; †¢ To endeavour and to conquer yourself as well as to change desires instead of trying to change the order of the whole world because we doesn’t have enough power to do that.When proving existence of soul and God, Descartes challenges his thinking and reasoning. Nevertheless, he believes that there are three things which aren’t subjected to being doubted. These things support each other forming stable ground for Descartes’ method. These things are reason as doubting is based on reasoning, and existence of soul and God guaranteeing that the reason is misguided. Descartes pr ovides reasoned argument why God and, moreover, he is the primary contributor to what we now call ontological proof of the God existence. (Descartes 1960)Descartes also pays attention to describing natural laws, the laws of the Sun and the stars, etc. Descartes believes that it is Moon that causes flood and ebb. Further, Descartes examines ideas of fire and light going to examining the motion of blood in arteries and heart. In contrast to generally accepted ideas, Descartes argues that these motions are independent of what it is thought and he draws the conclusion that human soul and human body are separate. Nevertheless, Descartes doesn’t distinguish between human soul, mind and spirit as they are all important constituents of rational thinking.As a consequences, the idea that â€Å"I am thinking, therefore I am† appeared. Finally, when speaking about experiments Descartes writes that â€Å"experiments, that they become always more necessary the more one is advanced in knowledge; for, at the commencement, it is better to make use only of what is spontaneously presented to our senses†. (Descartes 1960) Descartes’ ideas are strongly tied with modern philosophy and science. For example, his â€Å"The Method in Mathematics and the Sciences† has practical application nowadays in all schools.Descartes’ arguments are the basis of Cartesian coordinate systems as well as analytic geometry, the Histogram and mathematical heuristic. The method Descartes uses in his work is extremely valuable because sceptical doubt became a matter of philosophical debates how human can be sure of anything. Modern Western philosophy is influences by his re-conception of the mind – the idea that human mind is separate from human body. Summing up, Rene Descartes set a number of questions which have formed the base of what we call now ‘modern philosophy’. (Descartes 1960)

The Environmental And Sustainable Policy Of Abb Environmental Sciences Essay

ABB has been committed to the betterment of the production public presentation for both public public-service corporation and industry clients every bit good as lower negative effects to the environment. While cut down the ingestion of energy and natural resorts utilizing, the nucleus operation for ABB is to supply higher efficient systems, merchandises and services. That is why environmental direction is one of the most anterior concern. The environmental policy is considered to be summed up to several facets: Constructing up the environmental direction system ( ISO14001 ) , ABB carries out the environmental rule, and keeps promises to go on with invention, observant and the instruction of staffs, supports environmental friendly manner in their concern. Promoting their clients and providers to utilize international environmental criterions, ABB now has put environmental elements into the hazard appraisal of large clients. As a nucleus operation, the efficiency of energy and resources is assisting to the betterment of industry engineering. Innovation and publicity of the production which can better utilize the clean energy and raise the efficiency are the focal point of ABB The environmental public presentation of ABB mills is examined and verified in a certain period. It is to be published that the environmental declaration of the production and the environmental public presentation of the nucleus production. Sustainability study is supposed to be made every twelvemonth. The independent bureau will look into to maintain the transparency of the study. High eco efficient engineerings will be sold to the developing states. By and large talking, ABB now is utilizing 4 methods to increase the its sustainability: increasing the economic benefit, spread outing the environmental direction system, transporting out societal policies and advancing electrization undertakings. While accomplishing the end of economic growing, It is seeking to minimise the negative impacts to environment. However if we look into the environmental policy, it is non difficult to happen that after probe, the duty, that if the environmental direction system of ABB does non run into the demand of international criterions, is non distinguishable. The missing of duty committedness causes an unexplainable behavior in the environmental direction. The energy losingss in 2008 is much higher than that in 2007 or 2006. Fossil fuel, as the chief type of energy, is still widely used in the productive procedure. As the taking company in the field of high efficient production, evidently ABB does non pay much attending to the higher per centum of energy losingss, compared with 2007 and 2006, in the production procedure. The declaration of the public presentation merely focuses on nucleus merchandises. As a affair of fact, if we check from the GRI indexs of ABB in 2008, It is shown that the risky substances are much more used than earlier. The ignore of the accessory merchandises hinder the betterment of sustainability scheme. The sensible border-crossing development scheme is non even mentioned in the sustainable policies. Transportation system of the merchandises now caused a immense emanation of C dioxide. The location of the subdivision companies and the energy supply scheme for the mills are supposed to follow the rule that can minimise the transit distance.Environmental policy of ABB related ISO14001 guidelinesISO14001 is a international criterions for Environmental Management Systems ( EMS ) , so the demands of ISO have incorporated with the different involvements of companies. Since ABB is a immense international group, it is difficult to acquire a incorporate criterion for the whole company. The guidelines we are speaking about now bases on the simple demands of the EMS. The committedness and environmental policy The committedness of an organisation should include two chief parts: the ground why the organisation wants to go green and what is the general thought of the how to command the environmental impacts. The environmental policy is supposed to see all the stakeholders in the system. Initial environmental reappraisal In this portion, organisation should do a deep research of the environmental state of affairs, and have a better apprehension of the challenges that they are confronting. The advantages and disadvantages of former environmental direction system need to be considered. Planing the environmental policy For shaving a comprehensive environmental policy, the impact made by the organisation ‘s activities must do certain every bit good as the feedback from environment. Not merely legal demands need to be met, besides some higher demanding 1s. Environmental direction plans are made to accomplish the environmental aims and marks. The duties and clip tabular array for the plan are besides of import. Implementing the environmental policy The transporting out of the environmental policy requires most of the attempt. The environmental undertaking is assign to everybody, the resources to back up the environmental plans are transmitted to forces. The duties of forces are affirmed, tested by a particular authorization which has the rights to describe to the top of the organisation. Eduction to the forces that makes sure of every organic structure understanding their undertakings and moving as the environmental public presentation requiring, need to be ensured by the organisation. Daily concern integrates the environmental plans The direction plan demand to be documented for the external hearers, so that the activities of the organisation are wholly known by the populace. Information about environmental direction is updated on clip. Productive procedures and activities which have a important impact to envronment are supposed to be examined by the organisation, besides with the goods and services. Potential environmental hazards and accidents should be identified. Methods of bar and security are tested and carried out. Measurement and rating All the equipments utilizing a proctor look intoing the productive activities need to be ensured about their truth. The duties to cover with the actions which has a negative impacts to the environment demand to be defined. Audited accounts and reappraisal The reappraisal of the EMS purposes to look into the efficiency of the system and besides find the topographic points need to be evaluated. External environmental communicating The environmental study are supposed to be made for the external stakeholders, from which the environmental public presentation of the organisation are established. Then communicating with the stakeholders about the effects and impacts provides an overall public thought of the EMS. Now if we relate the ABB environmental policy to ISO14001, several jobs showed up. Duties and clip frame The duties of the environmental public presentation for forces are non clear and definite. First of wholly, the undertaking and attempt for forces are non mentioned in the environmental policy, in which instance the from the policy we can non acquire information about the mark and disposal on the employee degree. Second there is no scheme with a clip bound. The missing of timetable causes an unsure orientation in the audits and reexamine portion. This eventually leads to a lower dependable The high ecoefficiency engineering reassigning to developing states The measurement and rating in ABB ‘s subdivision companies does non turn out to be trumps. More than 5,000 employees are traveling to be advertised in China, but the energy efficiency becomes lower. Carbon dioxide emanations which come from energy utilizing takes up a higher per centum of the whole C dioxide emanations. The lower ecoefficiency gives a fact that while be aftering the environmental policy, ABB dainty different part otherwise. As to the environmental direction system, non a higher degree than legal one, ABB is utilizing in their production procedure. Interaction with the environment and communicating with stakeholders The interaction with the environment is worth more attending. The merchandises and services of ABB have a important impact to the environment, while the scheme of cut downing the negative impacts are non given a deep look. The overall thought of the environmental consequence to the productive procedure are non in a to the full reading, which causes an unconvinced thought of the ABB environmental mark. Communication with the stakeholders helps to maintain a comprehensive and rational thought of the environmental system. However this is non included in ABB environmental policy.Environmental policy related to specific merchandise and service profile of the companyABB is the taking company in the universe bring forthing energy merchandises. The solar power works in Spain now is supplying clean electricity for 50,000 Spanish households, which is the largest solar power works in the Europe. However the clean clean electricity used in ABB ‘ productive advancement is less than 6.3 % . Besides the electricity grids made by ABB can minimise the electricity loss in the transmittal. The high-potential current transmittal grids now being used in Three Gorges Dam in China, have a high energy efficiency. The electricity it saves in one twelvemonth can run into the demand of 500,000 Chinese households ‘ electricity demands. The control system and high efficient equipment in DuBai cut the energy loss by 46 % in aluminium industry. But if we check in the GRI study in 2008, it is non difficult to happen that the energy loss for ABB in 2008 is much more than 2007 and 2006. The universe largest submerged power line linking Norway and Netherland saves 1.7million dozenss of C dioxide emanations. While the C dioxide from ABB are increasing, which means the chief energy ingestion is still fossil fuel. ABB put much investing and attempt on the research on new merchandises which have high energy efficiency and lower energy loss, but the production advancement of ABB is non to the full following the energy and environmental scheme. The implementing of environmental direction system need more attempt and the initial reappraisal of the EMS has non put focal point on the energy efficiency.ABB long term programWith the fast turning demand of electricity, the accent is still electricity product.s. The corporation with authorities will be enhanced. Governments all over the universe now are confronting a higher force per unit area with the energy deficit. So high energy efficiency equipment and system will derive more benefit for ABB. The merchandise which improves the productiveness and uses less energy is still the development way. Renewable energy is another tendency for ABB. Since the development of the clean energy expands a new energy market, ABB will lodge to its consistent energy sc heme and do great attempt on the contraption of renewable energy merchandises.

Description of Proposed Network Essay

Our proposal includes the development of a LAN able to meet the requirements of your company’s software. The computer network components include the use of a server, a switch, patch panel, and a router for the office. The selected NOS (Network Operating System) is Windows 2000 Server. This operating system provides great conveniences to the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the network. Windows 2000 Server provides the enhanced DHCP, DNS and WINS features allow a network administrator to expediently manage all clients on the network. The data communication media for the networks is UTP CAT5. This cabling follows the Ethernet standards for TCP/IP and ensures decreased propagation and noise. I understand the motivations for creating a network and can apply these technologies to improve communications and access to information, as well as support and maintain the infrastructure. Goals and Products: The following list is networking hardware that can be implemented: *Nortel Networks Passport 2430 Enterprise Router: Offers the features and performance of more expensive routers, but at a much lower price. Also, this unit is known for its quiet operation, and sleek enclosure. *Nortel Networks BayStack 350 Series Switch: supports high-utilization workgroups for high-bandwidth uplinks to servers. *Dell PowerEdge 650 Server: Cost-effective rack server performance, manageability, and serviceability. Easy to mange. Also with tape drive backup support. *Nortel Networks OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200: Free-standing structure which will hold router, switch, server, and patch panel. *16-port Patch Panel Each employee workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive Fast Ethernet is the protocol of choice. The wiring is a higher quality than the Category 3 normally used by Ethernet, therefore is a bit more expensive, but a worthy advantage. Fast Ethernet defines a star topology. There are many advantages in designing a LAN based on a star topology. It allows expansion to the existing LAN without effort or disruption. Troubleshooting, repair, and maintenance can be accomplished to a failed node without holding up or disrupting work on other nodes. The first step of implementing the network involves running drops in two corners of the office. The switch, router, patch panel, and server will be located in a rack closet dedicated to LAN equipment. This rack will be placed in a location for centrality. The entire office will be cabled with category 5 unshielded-twisted pair cable. Wall faceplates to include both drops and a phone jack will be installed. Panels spanning each wall will  house cables to ensure a clean look. As can be expected, the physical cost to install these drops are minimal, the labor is the majority of this expense. The second step of implementing the network involves configuring each piece of networking equipment. The router will be set up to ensure serviceability and reliability between employees and the server. From the router there will be a switch attached. The router will service a protocol (DHCP) which will allow workstations to access the network. The patch panel will be used as a middleman between the user and the switch. 1ft cables will be used to connect the switch and patch panel with also the use of a punch-down block. The third step of implementing the network involves configuring the server. This server will be set up to store crucial data, backup data, directory services (User Management), and file and print services. From the server you will have control and full access to each employee’s machine. Specifications: Hardware plays an important role in reliability of a network. Each workstation is to be custom ordered from Dell. Each employee will house a Dell computer with the following options: *2 GHz Pentium 4 Processor *256MB RAM *13GB Hard Drive *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapters *52X CD-Rom *8 MB Video Card *17†³ Monitor (Can use current monitors if budget is exceeded) *Internal Zip Drive In addition the office will house a Hewlett Packard LaserJet 4000N due to estimated heavy printing volume. The network equipment will be housed in a rack mount closet. That equipment will consist of a Dell PowerEdge 650 Server with the following components: *3.06GHZ Pentium 4 Processor 512K internal L2 Cache, *1GB ECC DDR266 Memory, *Netgear FA311 10/100 Network adapter, *16x4GB SCSI Hard Drive’s, *3.5†³ Floppy Drive, CD-ROM, and Internal Zip Drive. The hard drive’s in the server will be partitioned into a public working drive and a back up drive and will also be using RAID 5. Equipment and Labor Costs: Equipment: *Passport 2430 Enterprise Router – $349.99 *BayStack 350 Series Switch – $714.99 *PowerEdge 650 Server – $1499.99 *OPTera Metro Cabinet 5200 – $1299.99 *12-port Patch Panel – $119.99 *Cabling Costs: oUTP CAT5 Cable 650FT (~60ft per workstation) – $500 o(48) RJ-45 Connecters – $200 *(10) Custom Dell Workstations featuring Windows 2000 – $6000 *(11) 17†³ Monitors – $1100 (Save this by using current monitors) *HP 4000N LaserJet Printer – $200 *Looking at a total for equipment just shy of $12,000 Labor: *Flat hourly rate of $90/HR. *Project will take 5 business days (8hr/day limit). *Looking at a total for labor- $3600 An estimated Grand-Total- $16,000* *This figure is based on new state of the art equipment and software. Every item has been carefully examined to ensure it offers the most for the needs of Creative Accounting. Cost may be cut if the need arises, however, efficiency and technology will be sacrificed. All in all, this network has been developed with the sole purpose of satisfying the company’s needs within realistic constraints. Please feel free to contact me with any questions regarding this proposal.

The following event is from Chicago's history. Explain in detail an Research Paper

The following event is from Chicago's history. Explain in detail an important effect the Pullman Strike produced in either local - Research Paper Example Gradually with time the demand for the Pullman cars decreased and the owner decided to lower the wages of the railroad employees. It was here that the role of Eugene Debs came into play to save the wrath that the employees had to face (Beik 2005). The workers of the railroad company were members of a renowned labor union known as the American Railway Union. Eugene Debs urged the employees to launch a strike against the company so that their wages could be increased and their demands met. The workers then launched a boycott against the Pullman cars and gained a lot of support by joining hands. Debs launched a peaceful strike urging Pullman and the authorities to take the aggravating conditions of the workers into notice. The Union was supported by a number of railroad employees and the number almost reached the mark of 200,000. The Pullman Car Company had the support of the government because of the capitalistic nature of the government. It was because of this reason that the federal government started intervening in the state affairs and an offensive against the labor union was launched. Debs was not successful enough to make the strike successful as the railroads used the government to cut down the strike. Richard Olney interfered and ordered federal intervention for the strike. Federal troops were given the permission to break up the strike as they believed that the delivery of the U.S mail was being affected by the strike. The strike was finally broken down on July 10, 1894 when Debs along with three members of the organization was arrested. Debs was sentenced for six months in the prison and the strike was called off so that the workers could resume their jobs. Although the strike was unsuccessful it proved to be a great event for the labor unions and federal agencies altogether. It had an effect on the national politics of the United States as it favored socialism over the capitalism that was already prevalent in the state. Capitalism and socialism were bo th affected through the strike. Socialism could not be revived for twenty years after the strike was made unsuccessful by the federal agencies and capitalism was brought down in the next elections. President Grover Cleveland was held responsible for the situation that occurred after the Pullman strike. This essay would further provide an overview of the effect that the Pullman strike had over the national politics of the United States of America (Beik 2005; Salvatore et al 1999). Effect of Pullman Strike The Pullman strike was an unsuccessful venture launched by the labor unions in a time of industrialization. The labor union in those times was not strong enough to fight the capitalist governments and hence they lost to the authoritative powers. The overall effect of the strike was to create a socialist environment in the United States. It brought forward the things that took place against the workers to the attention of people. The Supreme Court also decided against the Pullman Car Company as they violated the charter of companies by providing their workers with the wrong environment and conditions. The strike made the federal government stronger as they were able to launch an offensive against the labor unions. Antitrust laws against the labor

Smoking Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Smoking Tobacco - Essay Example with companies to pass the anti-tobacco message; providing women with information on health complication resulting from smoking; and lastly, looking back at the campaign achievement to outline plans for state anti-smoking movement b. The UAE in the last few years of the review era took important actions on the regulation of tobacco with the latest laws, like new taxes that are imposed on cigarettes, having warnings on the cigarette packs; also the ban of smoking in malls c. To bring the nation in line with the World Health Organization’s structure convention of tobacco control, the United Arabs Emirates has started to clamp down on products that contain tobacco by controlling their use, sales and content c. The aim of the municipality is to prevent secondhand exposure of smoke. Thus, shisha cafà © are supposed to move the residential areas, plan better ventilation, have notices that prohibit entry of those under the age of 20 years and partition non-smoking and smoking areas (Parker 211). B. Clincher or Transition Sentence: In year 2000, the United Arab Emirates imported 21, 900 million cigarettes. Then the price of a pack containing 20 cigarettes was 1.43 US dollars for the local brands and 1.91 US dollars for foreign brands. A. Topic Sentence: From the trends, it is expected that as the economy of UAE grows, the number of expats who come to live there will grow. This in turn is expected to increase the consumption of shisha. a. In addition, considering the smoking of pipe as both a traditional act among the domestic people and a tourist attraction, the use of shisha will increase given the anticipated increase in tourism. Growth will in fact be boosted by pipe tobacco b. There are more risks that waterpipe smokers’ face that are not faced by cigarette smokers. For example, sharing of the waterpipe exposes the smokers to the risk of infections diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and herpes c. The law however, allows smoking only in designated